1.

Đặt \(P=\left|\overrightarrow{AD}+3\overrightarrow{AB}\right|\Rightarrow P^2=AD^2+9AB^2+6\overrightarrow{AD}.\overrightarrow{AB}\)

\(=AD^2+9AB^2=10AB^2=10a^2\)

\(\Rightarrow P=a\sqrt{10}\)

2.

Tam giác ABC đều nên AM là trung tuyến đồng thời là đường cao \(\Rightarrow AM\perp BM\)

\(AM=\dfrac{a\sqrt{3}}{2}\) ; \(BM=\dfrac{a}{2}\)

\(T=\left|\overrightarrow{MA}+2\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{MC}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{MA}+2\overrightarrow{MB}\right|\)

\(\Rightarrow T^2=MA^2+4MB^2+4\overrightarrow{MA}.\overrightarrow{MB}=MA^2+4MB^2\)

\(=\left(\dfrac{a\sqrt{3}}{2}\right)^2+4\left(\dfrac{a}{2}\right)^2=\dfrac{7a^2}{4}\Rightarrow T=\dfrac{a\sqrt{7}}{2}\)

3.

\(T=\left|\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{CG}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{CA}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{CB}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{CA}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{CA}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}\right|\)

\(=\left|\dfrac{4}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\right|\Rightarrow T^2=\dfrac{16}{9}AB^2+\dfrac{4}{9}AC^2-\dfrac{16}{9}\overrightarrow{AB}.\overrightarrow{AC}\)

\(=\dfrac{20}{9}AB^2-\dfrac{16}{9}AB^2.cos60^0=\dfrac{20}{9}a^2-\dfrac{16}{9}a^2.\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{4}{3}a^2\)

\(\Rightarrow T=\dfrac{2a}{\sqrt{3}}\)

+) \(\left( {\overrightarrow {AB} ,\overrightarrow {AC} } \right) = \widehat {ABC} = 60^\circ \)

+) Dựng hình bình hành ABCD, ta có: \(\overrightarrow {AD}  = \overrightarrow {BC} \)

\( \Rightarrow \left( {\overrightarrow {AB} ,\overrightarrow {BC} } \right) = \left( {\overrightarrow {AB} ,\overrightarrow {AD} } \right) = \widehat {BAD} = 120^\circ \)

+), Ta có: ABC là tam giác đều, H là trung điểm BC nên  \(AH \bot BC\)

\(\left( {\overrightarrow {AH} ,\overrightarrow {BC} } \right) = \left( {\overrightarrow {AH} ,\overrightarrow {AD} } \right) = \widehat {HAD} = 90^\circ \)

+) Hai vectơ \(\overrightarrow {BH} \) và \(\overrightarrow {BC} \)cùng hướng nên \(\left( {\overrightarrow {BH} ,\overrightarrow {BC} } \right) = 0^\circ \)

+) Hai vectơ \(\overrightarrow {HB} \) và \(\overrightarrow {BC} \)ngược hướng nên \(\left( {\overrightarrow {HB} ,\overrightarrow {BC} } \right) = 180^\circ \)

Bài 3: 

Tham khảo:

\(\begin{array}{l}\overrightarrow {MA}  + \overrightarrow {MB}  + \overrightarrow {MC}  + \overrightarrow {MD}  = \left( {\overrightarrow {MG}  + \overrightarrow {GE}  + \overrightarrow {EA} } \right) + \left( {\overrightarrow {MG}  + \overrightarrow {GE}  + \overrightarrow {EB} } \right)\\ + \left( {\overrightarrow {MG}  + \overrightarrow {GF}  + \overrightarrow {FC} } \right) + \left( {\overrightarrow {MG}  + \overrightarrow {GF}  + \overrightarrow {FD} } \right)\end{array}\)

\( = \left( {\overrightarrow {MG}  + \overrightarrow {MG}  + \overrightarrow {MG} \overrightarrow { + MG} } \right) + 2\left( {\overrightarrow {GE}  + \overrightarrow {GF} } \right) \\+ \left( {\overrightarrow {EA}  + \overrightarrow {EB} } \right) + \left( {\overrightarrow {FC}  + \overrightarrow {FD} } \right)\)

\( = 4\overrightarrow {MG}  + 2.\overrightarrow 0  + \overrightarrow 0  + \overrightarrow 0  = 4\overrightarrow {MG} \)  (đpcm)

a) Có \(\overrightarrow{BC}^2=\left(\overrightarrow{AC}-\overrightarrow{AB}\right)^2=\overrightarrow{AC}^2+\overrightarrow{AB}^2-2\overrightarrow{AC}.\overrightarrow{AB}\)
Suy ra: \(\overrightarrow{AC}.\overrightarrow{AB}=\dfrac{\overrightarrow{AC^2}+\overrightarrow{AB}^2-\overrightarrow{BC}^2}{2}=\dfrac{8^2+6^2-11^2}{2}=-\dfrac{21}{2}\).
Do \(\overrightarrow{AC}.\overrightarrow{AB}< 0\) nên \(cos\widehat{BAC}< 0\) suy ra góc A là góc tù.
b) Từ câu a suy ra: \(cos\widehat{BAC}=\dfrac{\overrightarrow{AB}.\overrightarrow{AC}}{\left|\overrightarrow{AB}\right|.\left|\overrightarrow{AC}\right|}=-\dfrac{21}{2.6.8}=-\dfrac{7}{32}\).
Do N là trung điểm của AC nên \(AN=AC:2=8:2=4cm\).
\(\overrightarrow{AM}.\overrightarrow{AN}=AM.AN.cos\left(\overrightarrow{AM},\overrightarrow{AN}\right)\)
\(=2.4.cos\left(\overrightarrow{AB},\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=2.4.\dfrac{-7}{32}=-\dfrac{7}{4}\).